Dry Eye Treatment
Dry eye disease is a chronic condition affecting the ocular surface, caused by insufficient tear production, poor tear quality, or excessive tear evaporation. The tear film plays a vital role in protecting the eye and maintaining its proper function. When the tear film is disrupted, it can lead to damage of the ocular surface and the development of uncomfortable symptoms.
Today, an increasing number of people are affected by dry eye disease, particularly as a result of prolonged computer use, frequent use of digital devices, time spent in air-conditioned environments, and the natural ageing process.
What are the symptoms of dry eye disease?
The most common symptoms of dry eye disease include burning, stinging, itching, and the sensation of having a foreign body in the eye. The eyes may become red and sensitive to light, and patients often experience eye fatigue, especially when reading or working at a computer. Fluctuating vision throughout the day is also a typical symptom. In some cases, excessive tearing may occur, which is paradoxically the eye’s response to inadequate lubrication.
What causes dry eye disease?
Dry eye disease can develop for a variety of reasons. The most common causes include:
- Digital eye strain – prolonged use of mobile phones, computers, and other digital screens
- Environmental factors – air-conditioned or heated environments, dry air, wind, and pollution
- Eye surgery – vision correction procedures, cataract surgery, or corneal transplantation
- Medical conditions and medications – certain infections, autoimmune diseases, diabetes, or the use of specific medications
- Contact lens wear
- Ageing and hormonal changes – for example during pregnancy or menopause
Diagnosis of dry eye disease
The diagnosis of dry eye disease involves assessing the ocular surface, tear film quality and stability, as well as tear production. One commonly used test is the Schirmer test, which measures tear production using a small strip of special filter paper. The examination may also include an assessment of Meibomian gland function and evaluation of any changes affecting the cornea or conjunctiva. The results help identify the underlying cause of the condition and determine the most appropriate treatment approach.
Treatment of dry eye disease
Treatment depends on both the cause and severity of the condition. The primary aims are to restore tear film stability, relieve symptoms, and protect the ocular surface from further damage.
Conservative treatment for dry eye disease
The first step in treatment is usually the use of lubricating eye drops, commonly known as artificial tears, which help replenish and stabilise the tear film. In more severe cases, lubricating gels or prescription eye drops may also be recommended to reduce inflammation of the ocular surface and support healing. Treatment may also include lifestyle and environmental modifications, eyelid hygiene, and management of any underlying medical conditions.
Dry eye treatment with Lacrifill
Lacrifill is a modern treatment option for dry eye disease. It is a biocompatible hyaluronic acid gel that is inserted into the tear drainage canals under local anaesthesia. Once in place, it reduces tear drainage and helps retain the eye’s natural tears on the ocular surface for longer. This improves tear film stability, enhances lubrication of the eye, and relieves symptoms associated with dry eye disease.
Benefits of Lacrifill treatment
- Increases the amount of tears retained on the eye surface
- Improves tear film stability
- Provides relief from dry eye symptoms
- May reduce the need for frequent use of artificial tears
- Quick outpatient procedure
- Gentle and virtually painless application
- Treatment effect may last for up to six months
Suitability for Lacrifill treatment is determined by an ophthalmologist following a comprehensive examination and assessment of the specific type and severity of dry eye disease.
