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When was the last time you saw an eye doctor? Regular check-ups can save your sight

Vision is one of our most important senses - yet we often neglect it until problems appear. Regular eye examinations can detect not only incorrect prescription but also serious eye diseases in their early stages. That’s why experts urge the public not to underestimate eye care and to undergo preventive eye exams based on age and individual risk factors.

“Many people come to us only once their vision is already significantly impaired - yet the disease could have been detected years earlier. Regular check-ups are the foundation of prevention,” explains Andrea Janeková, MD, FEBO, FEBOS-CR, ophthalmologist and surgeon at Eye Centre Prague.

Eye examinations are not just about determining whether someone needs glasses or contact lenses. During the check-up, the doctor evaluates the condition of the cornea, retina, fundus, intraocular pressure, and other parameters that may indicate not only eye but also general health problems - such as diabetes, high blood pressure, or even tumors. 

Many eye diseases, such as glaucoma or age-related macular degeneration, begin with no symptoms. They may develop silently and only become noticeable once vision is seriously and permanently damaged. Regular check-ups help detect these problems early.

“For example, glaucoma is a typical case of the so-called silent thief of sight - patients don’t notice anything, but optic nerve damage is already occurring. The most common cause is elevated intraocular pressure, which can’t be felt and can’t be identified without an exam. If not caught in time, glaucoma can truly lead to blindness,” adds Dr. Janeková.

How often should you have an eye exam?

The frequency of eye exams depends on age, health status, and family history:

• Children: The first vision screening takes place at birth and later during routine pediatric check-ups. Children are referred to an eye doctor in cases of family history of eye problems, suspected vision defects, strabismus (crossed eyes), or other visible symptoms. A standard eye exam is recommended at age 3 and again before starting school. School-age children should be examined if they have trouble seeing the board, concentrating, experience headaches, or a decline in reading or school performance.
• Adults up to age 35: If they have no complaints, risk factors, or family history of eye disease, regular preventive check-ups are not strictly necessary. An eye exam is recommended in case of vision deterioration, eye fatigue, headaches, or long-term computer work.
• Adults between 35 and 60: The risk of developing eye diseases increases during this period. It is advisable to schedule an eye exam. The recommended frequency of further exams is determined by the doctor based on the results.
• Seniors over 60: Serious eye diseases become more common with age, so regular monitoring is standard for this group - typically once a year, or more often depending on the diagnosis.

People with chronic illnesses (diabetes, hypertension) or a family history of eye disease should consult their eye doctor about the appropriate exam frequency.

What does an eye exam involve?

A comprehensive eye examination typically includes:

• Visual acuity and refraction testing: Involves measurement with an autorefractor to determine an approximate prescription. Then, the doctor or optometrist checks visual acuity and determines the optimal correction.
• Intraocular pressure measurement: Performed with a tonometer. Crucial for early detection of glaucoma.
• Anterior segment examination: Inspection of the eyelids, cornea, conjunctiva, and lens using a slit lamp.
• Fundus examination: After applying special drops to dilate the pupils, the doctor assesses the condition of the retina, optic nerve, and blood vessels.
• Color vision and depth perception tests: Especially important for children and drivers.

The examination is painless and takes approximately 20 minutes for the basic version. If dilation drops are used, it takes longer. After dilation, vision may be blurred for several hours, so driving is not recommended.

Modern technology and expanded possibilities

Thanks to modern equipment, today’s eye clinics offer advanced diagnostic options, such as:

• Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): A detailed scan of the retina and optic nerve.
• Perimetry: A visual field test.
• Fundus camera: Photographic documentation of the retina for archiving and future comparison.

These methods allow for the detection of microscopic changes and increase the chance of successful treatment.

“Thanks to these techniques, we can detect even microscopic changes that would otherwise remain hidden in a standard exam. For example, optical coherence tomography allows for a very precise view of the individual layers of the retina and optic nerve. At Eye Centre Prague, we also use advanced OCT angiography, which shows not only structure but also the blood supply to the retina - meaning the function of its individual layers. Early diagnosis is key - the sooner we detect a problem, the better the chances of successful and gentle treatment,” says Dr. Janeková.

Prevention is the foundation of healthy vision

Regular vision check-ups should be a natural part of preventive care - just like visits to your general practitioner or dentist. Vision is irreplaceable, and its loss has a major impact on quality of life. Even if you’re not experiencing any issues, an ophthalmologist can detect early-stage disease that could otherwise lead to permanent damage. Don’t ignore warning signs like frequent tearing, blurred or worsening night vision, or recurring headaches.